The Visa card processing system handles about 1,700 transactions per second. The Bitcoin blockchain can handle about 4.6 transactions per second. Other blockchains, such as the Ethereum, may be faster but they still cannot approach Visa’s speed.
Three components of blockchain play off against each other
when you try to increase the speed of blockchains. These elements are decentralization (how many
computers maintain records), scalability (how fast each transaction can be
processed), and security (how long it takes to verify a transaction). Usually, to attempt to speed up a blockchain
by changing how one of these elements works will adversely affect one or both
of the others.
A block in a blockchain contains a number of transactions. Each transaction records the buyer, the
seller, the amount, etc. The initial Bitcoin
block size was 1 MB, which could hold about 2,759 transactions. One way to increase the speed would be to
make the blocks bigger to hold more transactions. Thus, processing one block would process many
more transactions. Another way would be
to speed up the process of identifying the unique hash code of the block, i.e.,
Bitcoin mining. Making the code less difficult
might sacrifice security. Another way would
be to speed up the way that the computers maintaining the blockchain database
are updated as new blocks are created. If
each of the computers maintaining the blockchain accounting data is not updated
before a new transaction is processed, there might be a possibility for double
spending.
Various new coins have tried variations on these
changes. Bitcoin Cash enlarged the old Bitcoin
block size, as did Dogecoin and Litecoin.
Technological increases in computer processing speed and data transmission
speed would also increase the number of transactions handled without changing
the Bitcoin algorithm. The main downside
of increasing processing speed by changing the verification process would be
loss of security. If data is not
completely verified before a new transaction is entered, for example, a Bitcoin
could be spent twice.